Assessment & documentation
Clear components. Simple scores.
Choose from 18 clinical score and index calculators. Enter observed findings, then review the component breakdown, scoring method and limitations. Calculations stay in your browser.
Level of consciousness
Glasgow Coma Scale
Select the best observed response in each component. This uses standard GCS verbal criteria, not a modified preverbal pediatric scale.
Select all three responses
The total appears when every component is testable.
An intubated or otherwise untestable response is NT, not 1. Record the component scores and the reason for NT. Sedation, paralysis, injury, hearing or language barriers can affect assessment.
GCS scoring reference & limits
| Component | Response and score |
|---|---|
| Eye opening | Eyes open spontaneously (4); Eyes open after a sound or spoken request (3); Eyes open after pressure stimulus (2); No eye opening; assessment is possible (1); Not testable — eye assessment is obstructed (NT) |
| Verbal response | Oriented conversation (5); Conversation is confused (4); Recognizable words without conversation (3); Vocal sounds without recognizable words (2); No vocal response; assessment is possible (1); Not testable — e.g. intubation or communication barrier (NT) |
| Best motor response | Follows commands (6); Localizes the stimulus (5); Normal flexion / withdrawal (4); Abnormal flexion (3); Extensor response (2); No motor response; assessment is possible (1); Not testable — e.g. paralysis or another limiting factor (NT) |
GCS = eye + verbal + best motor, from 3 to 15, only when all components can be assessed. The component pattern and change over time matter. A total alone does not diagnose injury, determine airway management or replace examination.
Official Glasgow Coma Scale assessment aidNewborn assessment
APGAR score
Score the newborn’s observed condition at the selected time after birth. Assessment and resuscitation take priority; do not wait for a score to begin care.
Select all five observations
Each component contributes 0, 1 or 2 points.
Color assessment is subjective and may be less reliable across skin tones. Assess central color carefully, including lips and oral mucosa. This simple score does not capture a full expanded APGAR intervention record.
APGAR scoring reference & limits
| Component | Observation and score |
|---|---|
| Appearance — color | Generalized blue or pale appearance (0); Pink central color with blue hands or feet (1); Pink central color and extremities (2) |
| Pulse — heart rate | No detectable heartbeat (0); Heartbeat present, below 100/min (1); Heart rate at least 100/min (2) |
| Grimace — response to stimulation | No response to stimulation (0); Facial grimace only (1); Cough, sneeze or active withdrawal (2) |
| Activity — muscle tone | Flaccid; no muscle tone (0); Some limb flexion (1); Active movement with good flexion (2) |
| Respiration — breathing effort | No breathing effort (0); Slow or irregular effort / weak cry (1); Effective breathing with a strong cry (2) |
Total = appearance + pulse + grimace + activity + respiration, from 0 to 10. Scores are usually recorded at 1 and 5 minutes. A score below 7 at 5 minutes is reassessed every 5 minutes through 20 minutes under neonatal resuscitation guidance. Scores during assisted resuscitation are not equivalent to unassisted scores.
The pulse boundary is treated as 100/min or more for 2 points, consistent with the historical scoring description. Verify local documentation conventions. APGAR alone does not establish asphyxia or predict an individual infant’s neurologic outcome.
AAP / ACOG statement: The Apgar Score · Historical APGAR scoring description · Merck scoring reference and color-assessment limitations
Infection
qSOFA
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Three bedside findings for adults with suspected infection.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Add 1 for each present criterion.
qSOFA is a risk prompt in suspected infection, not a sepsis diagnosis. A low score does not exclude sepsis, and it should not be used as the sole screening method.
Infection
SIRS criteria
Open calculator
Count the four conventional adult systemic inflammatory response criteria.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Each category contributes 1, even when more than one condition in the category is present.
Two or more criteria meet the conventional SIRS count. SIRS can occur without infection; its absence does not exclude sepsis. It is not the current definition of sepsis.
Pneumonia
CURB-65
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Adult pneumonia assessment including urea.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Confusion + urea + respiratory rate + blood pressure + age; 1 point each.
For adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Combine the score with clinical judgment, oxygenation, comorbidities and available support; a score alone does not decide disposition.
Urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are different reported measurements. Do not compare a urea mg/dL value with the BUN threshold.
Pneumonia
CRB-65
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Adult pneumonia assessment when urea is unavailable.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Confusion + respiratory rate + blood pressure + age; 1 point each. Urea is omitted.
For adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Combine the score with clinical judgment, oxygenation, comorbidities and available support; a score alone does not decide disposition.
CRB-65 has its own score range and interpretation; do not apply CURB-65 thresholds to it.
Clot probability
Wells — pulmonary embolism
Open calculator
Calculate the two-level adult PE pretest-probability score.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Sum the displayed weights. Two-level model: >4 is PE likely; ≤4 is PE unlikely.
Pretest probability does not confirm or exclude PE. Assessment, testing and treatment follow the appropriate clinical pathway. The “more likely” item requires clinician judgment.
Clot probability
Wells — DVT
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Calculate the two-level adult lower-limb DVT pretest-probability score.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Add the nine 1-point findings and subtract 2 for the alternative-diagnosis finding. Score ≥2: DVT likely; ≤1: DVT unlikely.
The valid range is −2 to 9. Pretest probability requires a clinical testing pathway; the score alone cannot exclude or diagnose a clot.
Clot probability
PERC checklist
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Review PE rule-out criteria only after a clinician establishes low pretest probability.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Count positive findings. All eight must be negative within an appropriate low-risk assessment for the PERC rule to be negative.
PERC is not a general-population screen or a stand-alone diagnosis. If low pretest probability is not established, no PERC-negative conclusion is produced. Apply locally validated pathways and population restrictions.
Cardiac risk
HEART score
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Five-component adult chest-pain score using the cited 2021 study’s defined age and troponin bands.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
History + ECG + age + risk factors + troponin; each contributes 0–2.
Risk factors include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity and family history of coronary disease. Known coronary/peripheral arterial disease or prior stroke qualifies for the established-disease category.
This uses age ≤45, 46–64 and ≥65, and troponin ≥3× ULN for 2 points, as in the cited 2021 study. Some versions differ at boundary values; match the version to your local pathway.
This is not a high-sensitivity troponin rule-out algorithm or HEART Pathway. History and ECG require clinical assessment. Do not delay care for ischemic ECG changes or use a low total as discharge clearance.
Cardiac risk
CHA₂DS₂-VASc / CHA₂DS₂-VA
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Atrial-fibrillation stroke-risk components, with both sex-including and sex-excluding totals.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Heart failure 1 + hypertension 1 + age (0/1/2) + diabetes 1 + prior stroke/TIA/embolism 2 + vascular disease 1 + female sex 1. Age bands are mutually exclusive. VA omits the sex point.
VASc ranges 0–9; VA ranges 0–8. Female sex is a modifier in the conventional model, not a stand-alone anticoagulation indication. The 2024 ESC model uses VA. Apply the model specified by current local guidance.
The calculator does not estimate a universal annual risk or recommend anticoagulation.
Cardiac risk
HAS-BLED
Open calculator
Review conventional bleeding-risk components in atrial fibrillation.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Each of nine criteria contributes 1. Kidney/liver and drug/alcohol components can each contribute 2 when both are present.
Labile INR refers to warfarin control; enter No when not applicable, not when unknown. A total ≥3 flags a need to review bleeding risk factors. The score alone should not be used to withhold anticoagulation. Verify alcohol-unit definitions with local guidance.
Infection
Centor / McIsaac
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Sore-throat assessment with a separate age-adjusted McIsaac total.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Centor = four findings, 1 each (0–4). McIsaac = Centor + age adjustment (−1 to 5).
McIsaac is not applied below age 3. The unadjusted Centor model is an adult score. Scores alone do not confirm streptococcal infection or prescribe antibiotics; use appropriate testing guidance.
Trauma & circulation
Shock index
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Heart-rate to systolic-pressure relationship.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Shock index = heart rate ÷ systolic blood pressure.
Interpret the measured values, trend, age, pregnancy status, medications and clinical context. This ratio is not a diagnosis of shock or a universal treatment threshold.
Trauma & circulation
Revised Trauma Score
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Coded GCS, blood-pressure and respiratory-rate components; weighted and unweighted results.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
Weighted RTS = 0.9368 × coded GCS + 0.7326 × coded SBP + 0.2908 × coded RR. Unweighted T-RTS is the sum of the three 0–4 codes.
Use codes, not raw GCS, pressure or respiratory rate in the weighted equation. Do not enter an estimated GCS when a component is NT. Weighted RTS ranges 0–7.8408; T-RTS ranges 0–12. Trauma triage follows current local protocols.
Respiratory
ROX index
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Oxygenation and respiratory-rate index used during high-flow nasal oxygen.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
ROX = (SpO₂ as a percentage ÷ FiO₂ as a fraction) ÷ respiratory rate.
Use measured SpO₂, actual/set FiO₂ and observations from the same time. Cannula flow alone cannot establish an exact FiO₂. Interpret within the appropriate HFNC population and time point; no automatic intubation or success prediction is provided.
Respiratory
Oxygenation index (OI)
Open calculator
Oxygenation measurement incorporating mean airway pressure during mechanical ventilation.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
OI = mean airway pressure × FiO₂ fraction × 100 ÷ PaO₂ in mmHg.
Mean airway pressure is not mean arterial blood pressure, peak pressure or PEEP. Use a contemporaneous arterial sample and ventilator settings. Population-specific severity thresholds and treatment decisions require clinical guidance.
Respiratory
Oxygen saturation index (OSI)
Open calculator
Saturation-based oxygenation index incorporating mean airway pressure.
Complete every observation
Unanswered fields are not counted as normal.
Scoring method & limits
OSI = mean airway pressure × FiO₂ fraction × 100 ÷ SpO₂ percentage.
OSI is not interchangeable with OI. Performance depends on the population, pulse-oximetry quality and saturation range; high saturations flatten the PaO₂/SpO₂ relationship. Mean airway pressure is not blood pressure.
Planning Aid Only
Not a Clinical or HIPAA-Secure Interface. Always double-check your work and clinically correlate. Scores support documentation and education; use clinical assessment and local protocols for care. Do not enter patient identifiers.
Formulas, examples & assumptions
Content updated October 10, 2026 · Created by Bryan Fleck. Independently verify measurements and scoring assumptions.
GCS and untestable responses
Standard GCS adds eye, verbal and best motor responses only when all three components are testable. An untestable component is documented as NT, with a reason.
For example, E4 + V5 + M6 gives 15. E4 + VNT + M6 has no valid numeric total.
APGAR and assessment timing
APGAR adds five observed components, each from 0 to 2. Record the assessment time and any resuscitative assistance.
An APGAR score supports documentation; it does not determine when to start newborn resuscitation.
Oxygenation index and gas measurements
OI = mean airway pressure × FiO₂ fraction × 100 ÷ PaO₂ in mmHg. OSI substitutes SpO₂ as a percentage for PaO₂. ROX = (SpO₂ percentage ÷ FiO₂ fraction) ÷ respiratory rate.
For mean airway pressure 10 cmH₂O, FiO₂ 50% and PaO₂ 80 mmHg, OI is 6.25. Mean airway pressure is not blood pressure.